Vue 3 vs Angular Renaissance - JavaScript 框架语法对比

响应式

声明状态

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";
const name = ref("张三");
</script>

<template>
  <h1>你好 {{ name }}</h1>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-name",
  template: `<h1>你好 {{ name() }}</h1>`,
})
export class NameComponent {
  name = signal("张三");
}

更新状态

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";
const name = ref("张三");
name.value = "李四";
</script>

<template>
  <h1>你好 {{ name }}</h1>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-name",
  template: `<h1>你好 {{ name() }}</h1>`,
})
export class NameComponent {
  name = signal("张三");

  constructor() {
    this.name.set("李四");
  }
}

计算属性

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref, computed } from "vue";
const count = ref(10);
const doubleCount = computed(() => count.value * 2);
</script>

<template>
  <div>{{ doubleCount }}</div>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, computed, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-double-count",
  template: `<div>{{ doubleCount() }}</div>`,
})
export class DoubleCountComponent {
  count = signal(10);

  doubleCount = computed(() => this.count() * 2);
}

模板语法

最简模板

Vue 3

<template>
  <h1>你好，世界</h1>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-hello-world",
  template: `<h1>你好，世界</h1>`,
})
export class HelloWorldComponent {}

样式

Vue 3

<template>
  <h1 class="title">我是红色的</h1>
  <button style="font-size: 10rem">我是一个按钮</button>
</template>

<style scoped>
.title {
  color: red;
}
</style>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-css-style",
  template: `
    <h1 class="title">我是红色的</h1>
    <button style="font-size: 10rem">我是一个按钮</button>
  `,
  styles: `
    .title {
      color: red;
    }
  `,
})
export class CssStyleComponent {}

DOM循环

Vue 3

<script setup>
const colors = ["红", "绿", "蓝"];
</script>

<template>
  <ul>
    <li v-for="color in colors" :key="color">
      {{ color }}
    </li>
  </ul>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-colors",
  template: `
    <ul>
      @for (color of colors; track color) {
        <li>{{ color }}</li>
      }
    </ul>
  `,
})
export class ColorsComponent {
  colors = ["红", "绿", "蓝"];
}

点击事件

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";
const count = ref(0);

function incrementCount() {
  count.value++;
}
</script>

<template>
  <p>计数器: {{ count }}</p>
  <button @click="incrementCount">+1</button>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-counter",
  template: `
    <p>计数器: {{ count() }}</p>
    <button (click)="incrementCount()">+1</button>
  `,
})
export class CounterComponent {
  count = signal(0);

  incrementCount() {
    this.count.update((count) => count + 1);
  }
}

DOM引用

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { useTemplateRef, onMounted } from "vue";

const inputElement = useTemplateRef("inputElement");

onMounted(() => {
  inputElement.value.focus();
});
</script>

<template>
  <input ref="inputElement" />
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import {
  afterNextRender,
  Component,
  ElementRef,
  viewChild,
} from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-input-focused",
  template: `<input type="text" #inputRef />`,
})
export class InputFocusedComponent {
  inputRef = viewChild.required<ElementRef<HTMLInputElement>>("inputRef");

  constructor() {
    afterNextRender({ write: () => this.inputRef().nativeElement.focus() });
  }
}

条件渲染

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref, computed } from "vue";
const TRAFFIC_LIGHTS = ["红灯", "黄灯", "绿灯"];
const lightIndex = ref(0);

const light = computed(() => TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[lightIndex.value]);

function nextLight() {
  lightIndex.value = (lightIndex.value + 1) % TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length;
}
</script>

<template>
  <button @click="nextLight">下一个灯</button>
  <p>现在亮着的是: {{ light }}</p>
  <p>
    你应该
    <span v-if="light === '红灯'">停下</span>
    <span v-else-if="light === '黄灯'">慢行</span>
    <span v-else-if="light === '绿灯'">赶紧走</span>
  </p>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, computed, signal } from "@angular/core";

const TRAFFIC_LIGHTS = ["红灯", "黄灯", "绿灯"];

@Component({
  selector: "app-traffic-light",
  template: `
    <button (click)="nextLight()">下一个灯</button>
    <p>现在亮着的是: {{ light() }}</p>
    <p>
      你应该
      @switch (light()) {
        @case ("红灯") {
          <span>停下</span>
        }
        @case ("黄灯") {
          <span>慢行</span>
        }
        @case ("绿灯") {
          <span>赶紧走</span>
        }
      }
    </p>
  `,
})
export class TrafficLightComponent {
  lightIndex = signal(0);

  light = computed(() => TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[this.lightIndex()]);

  nextLight() {
    this.lightIndex.update((index) => (index + 1) % TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length);
  }
}

生命周期

组件加载时

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref, onMounted } from "vue";
const pageTitle = ref("");
onMounted(() => {
  pageTitle.value = document.title;
});
</script>

<template>
  <p>页面标题: {{ pageTitle }}</p>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, OnInit, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-page-title",
  template: `<p>页面标题: {{ pageTitle() }}</p>`,
})
export class PageTitleComponent implements OnInit {
  pageTitle = signal("");

  ngOnInit() {
    this.pageTitle.set(document.title);
  }
}

组件卸载时

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref, onUnmounted } from "vue";

const time = ref(new Date().toLocaleTimeString());

const timer = setInterval(() => {
  time.value = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
}, 1000);

onUnmounted(() => {
  clearInterval(timer);
});
</script>

<template>
  <p>当前时间: {{ time }}</p>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, OnDestroy, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-time",
  template: `<p>当前时间: {{ time() }}</p>`,
})
export class TimeComponent implements OnDestroy {
  time = signal(new Date().toLocaleTimeString());

  timer = setInterval(
    () => this.time.set(new Date().toLocaleTimeString()),
    1000,
  );

  ngOnDestroy() {
    clearInterval(this.timer);
  }
}

组件组合

组件Props传参

Vue 3

<script setup>
import UserProfile from "./UserProfile.vue";
</script>

<template>
  <UserProfile
    name="张三"
    :age="20"
    :favourite-colors="['green', 'blue', 'red']"
    is-available
  />
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";
import { UserprofileComponent } from "./userprofile.component";

@Component({
  selector: "app-root",
  imports: [UserprofileComponent],
  template: `
    <app-userprofile
      name="张三"
      [age]="20"
      [favouriteColors]="['green', 'blue', 'red']"
      [isAvailable]="true"
    />
  `,
})
export class AppComponent {}

向父组件emit事件

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";
import AnswerButton from "./AnswerButton.vue";

let isHappy = ref(true);

function onAnswerNo() {
  isHappy.value = false;
}

function onAnswerYes() {
  isHappy.value = true;
}
</script>

<template>
  <p>你快乐吗?</p>
  <AnswerButton @yes="onAnswerYes" @no="onAnswerNo" />
  <p style="font-size: 50px">
    {{ isHappy ? "😀" : "😥" }}
  </p>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { AnswerButtonComponent } from "./answer-button.component";

@Component({
  selector: "app-root",
  imports: [AnswerButtonComponent],
  template: `
    <p>你快乐吗?</p>

    <app-answer-button (yes)="onAnswerYes()" (no)="onAnswerNo()" />

    <p style="font-size: 50px">{{ isHappy() ? "😀" : "😥" }}</p>
  `,
})
export class AppComponent {
  isHappy = signal(true);

  onAnswerYes() {
    this.isHappy.set(true);
  }

  onAnswerNo() {
    this.isHappy.set(false);
  }
}

slot插槽

Vue 3

<script setup>
import FunnyButton from "./FunnyButton.vue";
</script>

<template>
  <FunnyButton> 点我! </FunnyButton>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";
import { FunnyButtonComponent } from "./funny-button.component";

@Component({
  selector: "app-root",
  imports: [FunnyButtonComponent],
  template: `<app-funny-button>点我!</app-funny-button>`,
})
export class AppComponent {}

slot插槽内容

Vue 3

<script setup>
import FunnyButton from "./FunnyButton.vue";
</script>

<template>
  <FunnyButton />
  <FunnyButton> 这是传到slot的内容! </FunnyButton>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";
import { FunnyButtonComponent } from "./funny-button.component";

@Component({
  selector: "app-root",
  imports: [FunnyButtonComponent],
  template: `
    <app-funny-button />

    <app-funny-button>这是传到slot的内容!</app-funny-button>
  `,
})
export class AppComponent {}

上下文

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref, provide } from "vue";
import UserProfile from "./UserProfile.vue";

const user = ref({
  id: 1,
  username: "abcdefg",
  email: "[email protected]",
});

function updateUsername(username) {
  user.value.username = username;
}

provide("user", { user, updateUsername });
</script>

<template>
  <h1>欢迎回来, {{ user.username }}</h1>
  <UserProfile />
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, inject } from "@angular/core";
import { UserService } from "./user.service";
import { UserProfileComponent } from "./user-profile.component";

@Component({
  imports: [UserProfileComponent],
  providers: [UserService],
  selector: "app-root",
  template: `
    <h1>欢迎回来, {{ userService.user().username }}</h1>
    <app-user-profile />
  `,
})
export class AppComponent {
  protected userService = inject(UserService);
}

表单输入

输入框

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";
const text = ref("你好世界");
</script>

<template>
  <p>{{ text }}</p>
  <input v-model="text" />
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

@Component({
  imports: [FormsModule],
  selector: "app-input-hello",
  template: `
    <p>{{ text() }}</p>
    <input [(ngModel)]="text" />
  `,
})
export class InputHelloComponent {
  text = signal("");
}

复选框

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";

const isAvailable = ref(true);
</script>

<template>
  <input id="is-available" v-model="isAvailable" type="checkbox" />
  <label for="is-available">这是一个checkbox</label>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

@Component({
  imports: [FormsModule],
  selector: "app-is-available",
  template: `
    <input id="is-available" type="checkbox" [(ngModel)]="isAvailable" />
    <label for="is-available">这是一个checkbox</label>
  `,
})
export class IsAvailableComponent {
  isAvailable = signal(false);
}

单选框

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";

const picked = ref("red");
</script>

<template>
  <div>你选择了: {{ picked }}</div>

  <input id="blue-pill" v-model="picked" type="radio" value="blue" />
  <label for="blue-pill">蓝色</label>

  <input id="red-pill" v-model="picked" type="radio" value="red" />
  <label for="red-pill">红色</label>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

@Component({
  imports: [FormsModule],
  selector: "app-pick-pill",
  template: `
    <div>你选择了: {{ picked() }}</div>

    <input id="blue-pill" type="radio" value="blue" [(ngModel)]="picked" />
    <label for="blue-pill">蓝色</label>

    <input id="red-pill" type="radio" value="red" [(ngModel)]="picked" />
    <label for="red-pill">红色</label>
  `,
})
export class PickPillComponent {
  picked = signal("red");
}

选择器

Vue 3

<script setup>
import { ref } from "vue";

const selectedColorId = ref(2);

const colors = [
  { id: 1, text: "红" },
  { id: 2, text: "蓝" },
  { id: 3, text: "绿" },
  { id: 4, text: "灰", isDisabled: true },
];
</script>

<template>
  <select v-model="selectedColorId">
    <option
      v-for="color in colors"
      :key="color.id"
      :value="color.id"
      :disabled="color.isDisabled"
    >
      {{ color.text }}
    </option>
  </select>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

@Component({
  imports: [FormsModule],
  selector: "app-color-select",
  template: `
    <select [(ngModel)]="selectedColorId">
      @for (let color of colors; track color) {
        <option [value]="color.id" [disabled]="color.isDisabled">
          {{ color.text }}
        </option>
      }
    </select>
  `,
})
export class ColorSelectComponent {
  selectedColorId = signal(2);

  colors = [
    { id: 1, text: "红" },
    { id: 2, text: "蓝" },
    { id: 3, text: "绿" },
    { id: 4, text: "灰", isDisabled: true },
  ];
}

Web应用特性

渲染应用

Vue 3

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <body>
    <div id="app"></div>
    <script type="module" src="./main.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

Angular Renaissance

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <body>
    <app-root></app-root>
  </body>
</html>

fetch获取数据

Vue 3

<script setup>
import useFetchUsers from "./useFetchUsers";

const { isLoading, error, data: users } = useFetchUsers();
</script>

<template>
  <p v-if="isLoading">正在获取用户信息……</p>
  <p v-else-if="error">获取用户信息出错</p>
  <ul v-else-if="users">
    <li v-for="user in users" :key="user.login.uuid">
      <img :src="user.picture.thumbnail" alt="user" />
      <p>
        {{ user.name.first }}
        {{ user.name.last }}
      </p>
    </li>
  </ul>
</template>

Angular Renaissance

import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { httpResource } from "@angular/common/http";

@Injectable({ providedIn: "root" })
export class UserService {
  readonly usersResource = httpResource<UserResponse>(
    () => "https://randomuser.me/api/?results=3",
  );
}

export interface UserResponse {
  results: User[];
  info: any;
}

export interface User {
  name: {
    title: string;
    first: string;
    last: string;
  };
  picture: {
    large: string;
    medium: string;
    thumbnail: string;
  };
}

响应式 #

声明状态 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

更新状态 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

计算属性 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

模板语法 #

最简模板 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

样式 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

DOM循环 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

点击事件 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

DOM引用 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

条件渲染 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

生命周期 #

组件加载时 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

组件卸载时 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

组件组合 #

组件Props传参 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

向父组件emit事件 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

slot插槽 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

slot插槽内容 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

上下文 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

表单输入 #

输入框 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

复选框 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

单选框 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

选择器 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

Web应用特性 #

渲染应用 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

fetch获取数据 #

Vue 3

Angular Renaissance

响应式

声明状态

更新状态

计算属性

模板语法

最简模板

样式

DOM循环

点击事件

DOM引用

条件渲染

生命周期

组件加载时

组件卸载时

组件组合

组件Props传参

向父组件emit事件

slot插槽

slot插槽内容

上下文

表单输入

输入框

复选框

单选框

选择器

Web应用特性

渲染应用

fetch获取数据