Vue 2 vs Alpine - JavaScript 框架语法对比

响应式

声明状态

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      name: "张三",
    };
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <h1>你好 {{ name }}</h1>
</template>

Alpine

<h1 x-data="{ name: '张三' }" x-text="name"></h1>

更新状态

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      name: "张三",
    };
  },
  created() {
    this.name = "李四";
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <h1>你好 {{ name }}</h1>
</template>

Alpine

<h1 x-data="{ name: '张三' }" x-init="name = '李四'" x-text="name"></h1>

计算属性

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      count: 10,
    };
  },
  computed: {
    doubleCount() {
      return this.count * 2;
    },
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <div>{{ doubleCount }}</div>
</template>

Alpine

<h1
  x-data="{
  count : 10,
  get doubleCount() { return this.count * 2 }
}"
  x-text="doubleCount"
></h1>

模板语法

最简模板

Vue 2

<template>
  <h1>你好，世界</h1>
</template>

Alpine

<h1>你好，世界</h1>

样式

Vue 2

<template>
  <div>
    <h1 class="title">我是红色的</h1>
    <button style="font-size: 10rem">我是一个按钮</button>
  </div>
</template>

<style scoped>
.title {
  color: red;
}
</style>

Alpine

<h1 class="title">我是红色的</h1>
<button style="font-size: 10rem">我是一个按钮</button>

<style>
  .title {
    color: red;
  }
</style>

DOM循环

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      colors: ["红", "绿", "蓝"],
    };
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <ul>
    <li v-for="color in colors" :key="color">
      {{ color }}
    </li>
  </ul>
</template>

Alpine

<ul x-data="{ colors: ['红', '绿', '蓝'] }">
  <template x-for="color in colors">
    <li x-text="color"></li>
  </template>
</ul>

点击事件

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      count: 0,
    };
  },
  methods: {
    incrementCount() {
      this.count++;
    },
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    <p>计数器: {{ count }}</p>
    <button @click="incrementCount">+1</button>
  </div>
</template>

Alpine

<div x-data="{ count: 0 }">
  <p>计数器: <span x-text="count"></span></p>
  <button x-on:click="count++">+1</button>
</div>

DOM引用

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  mounted() {
    this.$refs.inputElement.focus();
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <input ref="inputElement" />
</template>

Alpine

<input x-init="$el.focus();" />

条件渲染

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      TRAFFIC_LIGHTS: ["红灯", "黄灯", "绿灯"],
      lightIndex: 0,
    };
  },
  computed: {
    light() {
      return this.TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[this.lightIndex];
    },
  },
  methods: {
    nextLight() {
      this.lightIndex = (this.lightIndex + 1) % this.TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length;
    },
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    <button @click="nextLight">下一个灯</button>
    <p>现在亮着的是: {{ light }}</p>
    <p>
      你应该
      <span v-if="light === '红灯'">停下</span>
      <span v-else-if="light === '黄灯'">慢行</span>
      <span v-else-if="light === '绿灯'">赶紧走</span>
    </p>
  </div>
</template>

Alpine

<div
  x-data="{
  TRAFFIC_LIGHTS: ['红灯', '黄灯', '绿灯'],
  lightIndex: 0,
  get light() { return this.TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[this.lightIndex] },
  nextLight() {
    this.lightIndex = (this.lightIndex + 1) % this.TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length;
  }
}"
>
  <button x-on:click="nextLight">下一个灯</button>
  <p>现在亮着的是: <span x-text="light"></span></p>
  <p>
    你应该
    <span x-show="light === '红灯'">停下</span>
    <span x-show="light === '黄灯'">慢行</span>
    <span x-show="light === '绿灯'">赶紧走</span>
  </p>
</div>

生命周期

组件加载时

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      pageTitle: "",
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    this.pageTitle = document.title;
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <p>页面标题: {{ pageTitle }}</p>
</template>

Alpine

<p
  x-data="{ pageTitle: '' }"
  x-init="$nextTick(() => { pageTitle = document.title })"
>
  页面标题: <span x-text="pageTitle"></span>
</p>

组件卸载时

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      time: new Date().toLocaleTimeString(),
      timer: null,
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    this.timer = setInterval(() => {
      this.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
    }, 1000);
  },
  beforeDestroy() {
    clearInterval(this.timer);
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <p>当前时间: {{ time }}</p>
</template>

Alpine

<p
  x-data="{
  time: new Date().toLocaleTimeString(),
  timer: null,
  init() { this.timer = setInterval(() => (this.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString()), 1000) },
  destroy() { clearInterval(this.timer) }
}"
>
  当前时间: <span x-text="time"></span>
</p>

组件组合

组件Props传参

Vue 2

<script>
import UserProfile from "./UserProfile.vue";

export default {
  components: {
    UserProfile,
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <UserProfile
    name="张三"
    :age="20"
    :favorite-colors="['green', 'blue', 'red']"
    is-available
  />
</template>

Alpine

<!--Alpine JS suggests using a server-side templating engine or another frontend framework in conjunction with Alpine to do this-->

<div
  x-data="{
  name: '张三',
  age: 20,
  favouriteColors: ['green', 'blue', 'red'],
  isAvailable: true
}"
>
  <p>我的名字是 <span x-text="张三"></span></p>
  <p>My age is <span x-text="age"></span></p>
  <p>
    My favourite colors are <span x-text="favouriteColors.join(', ')"></span>
  </p>
  <p>I am <span x-text="isAvailable ? 'available' : 'not available'"></span></p>
</div>

向父组件emit事件

Vue 2

<script>
import AnswerButton from "./AnswerButton.vue";
export default {
  components: {
    AnswerButton,
  },
  data() {
    return {
      isHappy: true,
    };
  },
  methods: {
    onAnswerNo() {
      this.isHappy = false;
    },
    onAnswerYes() {
      this.isHappy = true;
    },
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    <p>你快乐吗?</p>
    <AnswerButton @yes="onAnswerYes" @no="onAnswerNo" />
    <p style="font-size: 50px">
      {{ isHappy ? "😀" : "😥" }}
    </p>
  </div>
</template>

Alpine

<div
  x-data="{ isHappy: true }"
  x-on:yes="isHappy = true"
  x-on:no="isHappy = false"
>
  <p>你快乐吗?</p>
  <div>
    <button x-on:click="$dispatch('yes')">是的！</button>
    <button x-on:click="$dispatch('no')">不是！</button>
  </div>
  <p style="font-size: 50px" x-text="isHappy ? '😀' : '😥'"></p>
</div>

slot插槽

Vue 2

<script>
import FunnyButton from "./FunnyButton.vue";
export default {
  components: {
    FunnyButton,
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <FunnyButton> 点我! </FunnyButton>
</template>

Alpine

<!--Alpine JS suggests using a server-side templating engine or another frontend framework in conjunction with Alpine to do this-->

<button
  x-data
  x-text="'点我!'"
  style="
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 30px;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    margin: 8px;
    transform: scale(0.9);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.65, 0.88, 0.925) 0s;
    outline: 0;
  "
>
  <span>默认slot内容</span>
</button>

slot插槽内容

Vue 2

<script>
import FunnyButton from "./FunnyButton.vue";
export default {
  components: {
    FunnyButton,
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    <FunnyButton />
    <FunnyButton> 这是传到slot的内容! </FunnyButton>
  </div>
</template>

Alpine

<!--Alpine JS suggests using a server-side templating engine or another frontend framework in conjunction with Alpine to do this-->

<button
  x-data
  style="
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 30px;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    margin: 8px;
    transform: scale(0.9);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.65, 0.88, 0.925) 0s;
    outline: 0;
  "
>
  <span>默认slot内容</span>
</button>

<button
  x-data
  x-text="'这是传到slot的内容!'"
  style="
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 30px;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    margin: 8px;
    transform: scale(0.9);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.65, 0.88, 0.925) 0s;
    outline: 0;
  "
>
  <span>默认slot内容</span>
</button>

上下文

Vue 2

<script>
import UserProfile from "./UserProfile.vue";

export default {
  components: { UserProfile },
  provide() {
    return {
      user: Object.assign(this.user, {
        updateUsername: this.updateUsername,
      }),
    };
  },
  data() {
    return {
      user: {
        id: 1,
        username: "abcdefg",
        email: "[email protected]",
      },
    };
  },
  methods: {
    updateUsername(newUsername) {
      this.user.username = newUsername;
    },
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    <h1>欢迎回来, {{ user.username }}</h1>
    <UserProfile />
  </div>
</template>

Alpine

<!-- x-text 必须用在带有 x-data 的元素或其子元素上。 -->
<!-- 这两个元素可以共用一个带有 x-data 的父元素，也可以像下面这样分别添加 x-data： -->

<h1 x-data>
  欢迎回来, <span x-text="$store.user.username">未知用户</span>
</h1>

<div x-data>
  <h2>我的简介</h2>
  <p>用户名: <span x-text="$store.user.username"></span></p>
  <p>邮箱: <span x-text="$store.user.email"></span></p>
  <button @click="$store.user.updateUsername('李四')">
    更新用户名为 李四
  </button>
</div>

<script>
  document.addEventListener("alpine:init", () => {
    Alpine.store("user", {
      id: 1,
      username: "abcdefg",
      email: "[email protected]",

      updateUsername(newUsername) {
        this.username = newUsername;
      },
    });
  });
</script>

表单输入

输入框

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      text: "你好世界",
    };
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    <p>{{ text }}</p>
    <input v-model="text" />
  </div>
</template>

Alpine

<div x-data="{ text: '你好世界' }">
  <p x-text="text"></p>
  <input x-model="text" />
</div>

复选框

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      isAvailable: true,
    };
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    <input id="is-available" v-model="isAvailable" type="checkbox" />
    <label for="is-available">这是一个checkbox</label>
  </div>
</template>

Alpine

<div x-data="{ isAvailable: true }">
  <input id="is-available" x-model="isAvailable" type="checkbox" />
  <label for="is-available">这是一个checkbox</label>
</div>

单选框

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      picked: "red",
    };
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <div>
    <div>你选择了: {{ picked }}</div>

    <input id="blue-pill" v-model="picked" type="radio" value="blue" />
    <label for="blue-pill">蓝色</label>

    <input id="red-pill" v-model="picked" type="radio" value="red" />
    <label for="red-pill">红色</label>
  </div>
</template>

Alpine

<div x-data="{ picked: 'red' }">
  <div>你选择了: <span x-text="picked"></span></div>

  <input id="blue-pill" x-model="picked" type="radio" value="blue" />
  <label for="blue-pill">蓝色</label>

  <input id="red-pill" x-model="picked" type="radio" value="red" />
  <label for="red-pill">红色</label>
</div>

选择器

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      selectedColorId: 2,
      colors: [
        { id: 1, text: "红" },
        { id: 2, text: "蓝" },
        { id: 3, text: "绿" },
        { id: 4, text: "灰", isDisabled: true },
      ],
    };
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <select v-model="selectedColorId">
    <option
      v-for="color in colors"
      :key="color.id"
      :value="color.id"
      :disabled="color.isDisabled"
    >
      {{ color.text }}
    </option>
  </select>
</template>

Alpine

<div
  x-data="{
  selectedColorId: 2,
  colors: [
    { id: 1, text: '红' },
    { id: 2, text: '蓝' },
    { id: 3, text: '绿' },
    { id: 4, text: '灰', isDisabled: true }
  ]
}"
>
  <select x-model.number="selectedColorId">
    <template x-for="color in colors" x-bind:key="color.id">
      <option
        x-text="color.text"
        x-bind:value="color.id"
        x-bind:disabled="!!color.isDisabled"
        x-bind:selected="color.id === selectedColorId"
      ></option>
    </template>
  </select>
</div>

Web应用特性

渲染应用

Vue 2

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <body>
    <div id="app"></div>
    <script type="module" src="./main.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

Alpine

<h1>你好，世界</h1>

fetch获取数据

Vue 2

<script>
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      isLoading: false,
      error: undefined,
      users: undefined,
    };
  },
  mounted() {
    this.fetchData();
  },
  methods: {
    async fetchData() {
      this.isLoading = true;
      try {
        const response = await fetch("https://randomuser.me/api/?results=3");
        const { results: users } = await response.json();
        this.users = users;
        this.error = undefined;
      } catch (error) {
        this.error = error;
      } finally {
        this.users = undefined;
        this.isLoading = false;
      }
    },
  },
};
</script>

<template>
  <p v-if="isLoading">正在获取用户信息……</p>
  <p v-else-if="error">获取用户信息出错</p>
  <ul v-else-if="users">
    <li v-for="user in users" :key="user.login.uuid">
      <img :src="user.picture.thumbnail" alt="user" />
      <p>
        {{ user.name.first }}
        {{ user.name.last }}
      </p>
    </li>
  </ul>
</template>

Alpine

<div
  x-data="
		function fetchUsers() {
			return {
				users: null,
				isLoading: false,
				error: null,
				async init() {
					this.isLoading = true;
					try {
						this.users = (await (await fetch('https://randomuser.me/api/?results=3')).json()).results;
					} catch (err) {
						this.users = [];
						this.error = err
					}
					this.isLoading = false;
				},
			};
		}
	"
>
  <template x-if="isLoading">
    <p>正在获取用户信息……</p>
  </template>

  <template x-if="error">
    <p>获取用户信息出错</p>
  </template>
  <template x-if="!error">
    <ul>
      <template x-for="user in users">
        <li>
          <img
            :src="user.picture.thumbnail"
            :alt="`picture of ${user.name.first} ${user.name.last}`"
          />
          <p x-text="`${user.name.first} ${user.name.last}`"></p>
        </li>
      </template>
    </ul>
  </template>
</div>

响应式 #

声明状态 #

Vue 2

Alpine

更新状态 #

Vue 2

Alpine

计算属性 #

Vue 2

Alpine

模板语法 #

最简模板 #

Vue 2

Alpine

样式 #

Vue 2

Alpine

DOM循环 #

Vue 2

Alpine

点击事件 #

Vue 2

Alpine

DOM引用 #

Vue 2

Alpine

条件渲染 #

Vue 2

Alpine

生命周期 #

组件加载时 #

Vue 2

Alpine

组件卸载时 #

Vue 2

Alpine

组件组合 #

组件Props传参 #

Vue 2

Alpine

向父组件emit事件 #

Vue 2

Alpine

slot插槽 #

Vue 2

Alpine

slot插槽内容 #

Vue 2

Alpine

上下文 #

Vue 2

Alpine

表单输入 #

输入框 #

Vue 2

Alpine

复选框 #

Vue 2

Alpine

单选框 #

Vue 2

Alpine

选择器 #

Vue 2

Alpine

Web应用特性 #

渲染应用 #

Vue 2

Alpine

fetch获取数据 #

Vue 2

Alpine

响应式

声明状态

更新状态

计算属性

模板语法

最简模板

样式

DOM循环

点击事件

DOM引用

条件渲染

生命周期

组件加载时

组件卸载时

组件组合

组件Props传参

向父组件emit事件

slot插槽

slot插槽内容

上下文

表单输入

输入框

复选框

单选框

选择器

Web应用特性

渲染应用

fetch获取数据