响应式
声明状态
React
import { useState } from "react";
export default function Name() {
const [name] = useState("张三");
return <h1>你好 {name}</h1>;
}
Ember Polaris
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
export default class NameComponent extends Component {
name = "张三";
<template>
<h1>你好 {{this.name}}</h1>
</template>
}
更新状态
React
import { useEffect, useState } from "react";
export default function Name() {
const [name, setName] = useState("张三");
useEffect(() => {
setName("李四");
}, []);
return <h1>你好 {name}</h1>;
}
Ember Polaris
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
export default class CounterComponent extends Component {
@tracked name = "张三";
constructor(owner, args) {
super(owner, args);
this.name = "李四";
}
<template>
<h1>你好 {{this.name}}</h1>
</template>
}
计算属性
React
import { useState } from "react";
export default function DoubleCount() {
const [count] = useState(10);
const doubleCount = count * 2;
return <div>{doubleCount}</div>;
}
Ember Polaris
import Component, { tracked } from "@glimmer/component";
export default class DoubleCount extends Component {
@tracked count = 10;
get doubleCount() {
return this.count * 2;
}
<template>
<div>{{this.doubleCount}}</div>
</template>
}
模板语法
最简模板
React
export default function HelloWorld() {
return <h1>你好,世界</h1>;
}
Ember Polaris
<template>
<h1>你好,世界</h1>
</template>样式
React
import "./style.css";
export default function CssStyle() {
return (
<>
<h1 className="title">我是红色的</h1>
<button style={{ fontSize: "10rem" }}>我是一个按钮</button>
</>
);
}
Ember Polaris
<template>
<h1 class="title">我是红色的</h1>
<button style="font-size: 10rem;">我是一个按钮</button>
<style>
.title {
color: red;
}
</style>
</template>DOM循环
React
export default function Colors() {
const colors = ["红", "绿", "蓝"];
return (
<ul>
{colors.map((color) => (
<li key={color}>{color}</li>
))}
</ul>
);
}
Ember Polaris
const colors = ["红", "绿", "蓝"];
<template>
<ul>
{{#each colors as |color|}}
<li>{{color}}</li>
{{/each}}
</ul>
</template>点击事件
React
import { useState } from "react";
export default function Counter() {
const [count, setCount] = useState(0);
function incrementCount() {
setCount((count) => count + 1);
}
return (
<>
<p>计数器: {count}</p>
<button onClick={incrementCount}>+1</button>
</>
);
}
Ember Polaris
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
export default class Counter extends Component {
@tracked count = 0;
incrementCount = () => this.count++;
<template>
<p>计数器: {{this.count}}</p>
<button {{on "click" this.incrementCount}}>+1</button>
</template>
}
DOM引用
React
import { useEffect, useRef } from "react";
export default function InputFocused() {
const inputElement = useRef(null);
useEffect(() => inputElement.current.focus(), []);
return <input type="text" ref={inputElement} />;
}
Ember Polaris
import { modifier } from "ember-modifier";
const autofocus = modifier((element) => element.focus());
<template>
<input {{autofocus}} />
</template>条件渲染
React
import { useState } from "react";
const TRAFFIC_LIGHTS = ["红灯", "黄灯", "绿灯"];
export default function TrafficLight() {
const [lightIndex, setLightIndex] = useState(0);
const light = TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[lightIndex];
function nextLight() {
setLightIndex((lightIndex + 1) % TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length);
}
return (
<>
<button onClick={nextLight}>下一个灯</button>
<p>现在亮着的是: {light}</p>
<p>
你应该
{light === "红灯" && <span>停下</span>}
{light === "黄灯" && <span>慢行</span>}
{light === "绿灯" && <span>赶紧走</span>}
</p>
</>
);
}
Ember Polaris
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
const TRAFFIC_LIGHTS = ["红灯", "黄灯", "绿灯"];
export default class TrafficLight extends Component {
@tracked lightIndex = 0;
get light() {
return TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[this.lightIndex];
}
nextLight = () => {
this.lightIndex = (this.lightIndex + 1) % TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length;
};
<template>
<button {{on "click" this.nextLight}}>下一个灯</button>
<p>现在亮着的是: {{this.light}}</p>
<p>
你应该
{{#if (eq this.light "红灯")}}
停下
{{else if (eq this.light "黄灯")}}
慢行
{{else if (eq this.light "绿灯")}}
赶紧走
{{/if}}
</p>
</template>
}
生命周期
组件加载时
React
import { useState, useEffect } from "react";
export default function PageTitle() {
const [pageTitle, setPageTitle] = useState("");
useEffect(() => {
setPageTitle(document.title);
}, []);
return <p>页面标题: {pageTitle}</p>;
}
Ember Polaris
const pageTitle = () => document.title;
<template>
<p>页面标题: {{(pageTitle)}}</p>
</template>
组件卸载时
React
import { useState, useEffect } from "react";
export default function Time() {
const [time, setTime] = useState(new Date().toLocaleTimeString());
useEffect(() => {
const timer = setInterval(() => {
setTime(new Date().toLocaleTimeString());
}, 1000);
return () => clearInterval(timer);
}, []);
return <p>当前时间: {time}</p>;
}
Ember Polaris
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
import { registerDestructor } from "@ember/destroyable";
export default class Time extends Component {
@tracked time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
constructor(owner, args) {
super(owner, args);
let timer = setInterval(() => {
this.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString();
}, 1000);
registerDestructor(this, () => clearInterval(timer));
}
<template>
<p>当前时间: {{this.time}}</p>
</template>
}
组件组合
组件Props传参
React
import UserProfile from "./UserProfile.jsx";
export default function App() {
return (
<UserProfile
name="张三"
age={20}
favouriteColors={["green", "blue", "red"]}
isAvailable
/>
);
}
Ember Polaris
import UserProfile from "./user-profile.gjs";
const favoriteColors = ["green", "blue", "red"];
<template>
<UserProfile
@name="张三"
@age={{20}}
@favouriteColors={{favoriteColors}}
@isAvailable={{true}}
/>
</template>向父组件emit事件
React
import { useState } from "react";
import AnswerButton from "./AnswerButton.jsx";
export default function App() {
const [isHappy, setIsHappy] = useState(true);
function onAnswerNo() {
setIsHappy(false);
}
function onAnswerYes() {
setIsHappy(true);
}
return (
<>
<p>你快乐吗?</p>
<AnswerButton onYes={onAnswerYes} onNo={onAnswerNo} />
<p style={{ fontSize: 50 }}>{isHappy ? "😀" : "😥"}</p>
</>
);
}
Ember Polaris
<template>
<button {{on "click" @onYes}}> 是的! </button>
<button {{on "click" @onNo}}> 不是! </button>
</template>
slot插槽
React
import FunnyButton from "./FunnyButton.jsx";
export default function App() {
return <FunnyButton>点我!</FunnyButton>;
}
Ember Polaris
import FunnyButton from "./funny-button";
<template>
<FunnyButton>点我!</FunnyButton>
</template>
slot插槽内容
React
import FunnyButton from "./FunnyButton.jsx";
export default function App() {
return (
<>
<FunnyButton />
<FunnyButton>这是传到slot的内容!</FunnyButton>
</>
);
}
Ember Polaris
import FunnyButton from "./funny-button";
<template>
<FunnyButton />
<FunnyButton>这是传到slot的内容!</FunnyButton>
</template>上下文
React
import { useState } from "react";
import UserProfile from "./UserProfile";
import { UserContext } from "./UserContext";
export default function App() {
const [user, setUser] = useState({
id: 1,
username: "abcdefg",
email: "[email protected]",
});
function updateUsername(newUsername) {
setUser((userData) => ({ ...userData, username: newUsername }));
}
return (
<>
<h1>欢迎回来, {user.username}</h1>
<UserContext.Provider value={{ ...user, updateUsername }}>
<UserProfile />
</UserContext.Provider>
</>
);
}
Ember Polaris
import UserProfile from "./user-profile";
<template>
<UserProfile />
</template>
表单输入
输入框
React
import { useState } from "react";
export default function InputHello() {
const [text, setText] = useState("你好世界");
function handleChange(event) {
setText(event.target.value);
}
return (
<>
<p>{text}</p>
<input value={text} onChange={handleChange} />
</>
);
}
Ember Polaris
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
export default class InputHello extends Component {
@tracked text = "你好世界";
handleInput = (event) => (this.text = event.target.value);
<template>
<p>{{this.text}}</p>
<input value={{this.text}} {{on "input" this.handleInput}} />
</template>
}
复选框
React
import { useState } from "react";
export default function IsAvailable() {
const [isAvailable, setIsAvailable] = useState(false);
function handleChange() {
setIsAvailable(!isAvailable);
}
return (
<>
<input
id="is-available"
type="checkbox"
checked={isAvailable}
onChange={handleChange}
/>
<label htmlFor="is-available">这是一个checkbox</label>
</>
);
}
Ember Polaris
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
export default class InputHello extends Component {
@tracked isAvailable = false;
handleChange = (event) => (this.isAvailable = event.target.checked);
<template>
<input
id="is-available"
type="checkbox"
checked={{this.isAvailable}}
{{on "change" this.handleChange}}
/>
<label for="is-available">这是一个checkbox</label>
</template>
}
单选框
React
import { useState } from "react";
export default function PickPill() {
const [picked, setPicked] = useState("red");
function handleChange(event) {
setPicked(event.target.value);
}
return (
<>
<div>你选择了: {picked}</div>
<input
id="blue-pill"
checked={picked === "blue"}
type="radio"
value="blue"
onChange={handleChange}
/>
<label htmlFor="blue-pill">蓝色</label>
<input
id="red-pill"
checked={picked === "red"}
type="radio"
value="red"
onChange={handleChange}
/>
<label htmlFor="red-pill">红色</label>
</>
);
}
Ember Polaris
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
export default class PickPill extends Component {
@tracked picked = "red";
handleChange = (event) => (this.picked = event.target.value);
<template>
<div>你选择了: {{this.picked}}</div>
<input
id="blue-pill"
type="radio"
value="blue"
checked={{eq this.picked "blue"}}
{{on "change" this.handleChange}}
/>
<label htmlFor="blue-pill">蓝色</label>
<input
id="red-pill"
type="radio"
value="red"
checked={{eq this.picked "red"}}
{{on "change" this.handleChange}}
/>
<label htmlFor="red-pill">红色</label>
</template>
}
选择器
React
import { useState } from "react";
const colors = [
{ id: 1, text: "红" },
{ id: 2, text: "蓝" },
{ id: 3, text: "绿" },
{ id: 4, text: "灰", isDisabled: true },
];
export default function ColorSelect() {
const [selectedColorId, setSelectedColorId] = useState(2);
function handleChange(event) {
setSelectedColorId(event.target.value);
}
return (
<select value={selectedColorId} onChange={handleChange}>
{colors.map((color) => (
<option key={color.id} value={color.id} disabled={color.isDisabled}>
{color.text}
</option>
))}
</select>
);
}
Ember Polaris
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
export default class ColorSelect extends Component {
@tracked selectedColorId = 2;
select = (event) => (this.selectedColorId = event.target.value);
isSelected = (colorId) => this.selectedColorId === colorId;
colors = [
{ id: 1, text: "红" },
{ id: 2, text: "蓝" },
{ id: 3, text: "绿" },
{ id: 4, text: "灰", isDisabled: true },
];
<template>
<select {{on "change" this.select}}>
{{#each this.colors as |color|}}
<option
value={{color.id}}
disabled={{color.isDisabled}}
selected={{this.isSelected color.id}}
>
{{color.text}}
</option>
{{/each}}
</select>
</template>
}
Web应用特性
渲染应用
React
<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<div id="app"></div>
<script type="module" src="./main.jsx"></script>
</body>
</html>
Ember Polaris
<!doctype html>
<html>
<body>
<script type="module" src="./index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
fetch获取数据
React
import useFetchUsers from "./useFetchUsers";
export default function App() {
const { isLoading, error, data: users } = useFetchUsers();
return (
<>
{isLoading ? (
<p>正在获取用户信息……</p>
) : error ? (
<p>获取用户信息出错</p>
) : (
users && (
<ul>
{users.map((user) => (
<li key={user.login.uuid}>
<img src={user.picture.thumbnail} alt="user" />
<p>
{user.name.first} {user.name.last}
</p>
</li>
))}
</ul>
)
)}
</>
);
}
Ember Polaris
import Component from "@glimmer/component";
import { tracked } from "@glimmer/tracking";
class State {
@tracked isLoading = false;
@tracked error = null;
@tracked data = null;
}
function fetchUsers() {
let state = new State();
async function fetchData() {
try {
let response = await fetch("https://randomuser.me/api/?results=3");
let { results: users } = await response.json();
state.data = users;
state.error = null;
} catch (err) {
state.data = null;
state.error = err;
}
state.isLoading = false;
}
fetchData();
return state;
}
export default class App extends Component {
<template>
{{#let (this.fetchUsers) as |request|}}
{{#if request.isLoading}}
<p>正在获取用户信息……</p>
{{else if request.error}}
<p>获取用户信息出错</p>
{{else}}
<ul>
{{#each request.data as |user|}}
<li>
<img src={{user.picture.thumbnail}} alt="user" />
<p>{{user.name.first}} {{user.name.last}}</p>
</li>
{{/each}}
</ul>
{{/if}}
{{/let}}
</template>
}