Angular Renaissance vs Alpine - JavaScript 框架语法对比

响应式

声明状态

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-name",
  template: `<h1>你好 {{ name() }}</h1>`,
})
export class NameComponent {
  name = signal("张三");
}

Alpine

<h1 x-data="{ name: '张三' }" x-text="name"></h1>

更新状态

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-name",
  template: `<h1>你好 {{ name() }}</h1>`,
})
export class NameComponent {
  name = signal("张三");

  constructor() {
    this.name.set("李四");
  }
}

Alpine

<h1 x-data="{ name: '张三' }" x-init="name = '李四'" x-text="name"></h1>

计算属性

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, computed, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-double-count",
  template: `<div>{{ doubleCount() }}</div>`,
})
export class DoubleCountComponent {
  count = signal(10);

  doubleCount = computed(() => this.count() * 2);
}

Alpine

<h1
  x-data="{
  count : 10,
  get doubleCount() { return this.count * 2 }
}"
  x-text="doubleCount"
></h1>

模板语法

最简模板

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-hello-world",
  template: `<h1>你好，世界</h1>`,
})
export class HelloWorldComponent {}

Alpine

<h1>你好，世界</h1>

样式

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-css-style",
  template: `
    <h1 class="title">我是红色的</h1>
    <button style="font-size: 10rem">我是一个按钮</button>
  `,
  styles: `
    .title {
      color: red;
    }
  `,
})
export class CssStyleComponent {}

Alpine

<h1 class="title">我是红色的</h1>
<button style="font-size: 10rem">我是一个按钮</button>

<style>
  .title {
    color: red;
  }
</style>

DOM循环

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-colors",
  template: `
    <ul>
      @for (color of colors; track color) {
        <li>{{ color }}</li>
      }
    </ul>
  `,
})
export class ColorsComponent {
  colors = ["红", "绿", "蓝"];
}

Alpine

<ul x-data="{ colors: ['红', '绿', '蓝'] }">
  <template x-for="color in colors">
    <li x-text="color"></li>
  </template>
</ul>

点击事件

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-counter",
  template: `
    <p>计数器: {{ count() }}</p>
    <button (click)="incrementCount()">+1</button>
  `,
})
export class CounterComponent {
  count = signal(0);

  incrementCount() {
    this.count.update((count) => count + 1);
  }
}

Alpine

<div x-data="{ count: 0 }">
  <p>计数器: <span x-text="count"></span></p>
  <button x-on:click="count++">+1</button>
</div>

DOM引用

Angular Renaissance

import {
  afterNextRender,
  Component,
  ElementRef,
  viewChild,
} from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-input-focused",
  template: `<input type="text" #inputRef />`,
})
export class InputFocusedComponent {
  inputRef = viewChild.required<ElementRef<HTMLInputElement>>("inputRef");

  constructor() {
    afterNextRender({ write: () => this.inputRef().nativeElement.focus() });
  }
}

Alpine

<input x-init="$el.focus();" />

条件渲染

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, computed, signal } from "@angular/core";

const TRAFFIC_LIGHTS = ["红灯", "黄灯", "绿灯"];

@Component({
  selector: "app-traffic-light",
  template: `
    <button (click)="nextLight()">下一个灯</button>
    <p>现在亮着的是: {{ light() }}</p>
    <p>
      你应该
      @switch (light()) {
        @case ("红灯") {
          <span>停下</span>
        }
        @case ("黄灯") {
          <span>慢行</span>
        }
        @case ("绿灯") {
          <span>赶紧走</span>
        }
      }
    </p>
  `,
})
export class TrafficLightComponent {
  lightIndex = signal(0);

  light = computed(() => TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[this.lightIndex()]);

  nextLight() {
    this.lightIndex.update((index) => (index + 1) % TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length);
  }
}

Alpine

<div
  x-data="{
  TRAFFIC_LIGHTS: ['红灯', '黄灯', '绿灯'],
  lightIndex: 0,
  get light() { return this.TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[this.lightIndex] },
  nextLight() {
    this.lightIndex = (this.lightIndex + 1) % this.TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length;
  }
}"
>
  <button x-on:click="nextLight">下一个灯</button>
  <p>现在亮着的是: <span x-text="light"></span></p>
  <p>
    你应该
    <span x-show="light === '红灯'">停下</span>
    <span x-show="light === '黄灯'">慢行</span>
    <span x-show="light === '绿灯'">赶紧走</span>
  </p>
</div>

生命周期

组件加载时

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, OnInit, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-page-title",
  template: `<p>页面标题: {{ pageTitle() }}</p>`,
})
export class PageTitleComponent implements OnInit {
  pageTitle = signal("");

  ngOnInit() {
    this.pageTitle.set(document.title);
  }
}

Alpine

<p
  x-data="{ pageTitle: '' }"
  x-init="$nextTick(() => { pageTitle = document.title })"
>
  页面标题: <span x-text="pageTitle"></span>
</p>

组件卸载时

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, OnDestroy, signal } from "@angular/core";

@Component({
  selector: "app-time",
  template: `<p>当前时间: {{ time() }}</p>`,
})
export class TimeComponent implements OnDestroy {
  time = signal(new Date().toLocaleTimeString());

  timer = setInterval(
    () => this.time.set(new Date().toLocaleTimeString()),
    1000,
  );

  ngOnDestroy() {
    clearInterval(this.timer);
  }
}

Alpine

<p
  x-data="{
  time: new Date().toLocaleTimeString(),
  timer: null,
  init() { this.timer = setInterval(() => (this.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString()), 1000) },
  destroy() { clearInterval(this.timer) }
}"
>
  当前时间: <span x-text="time"></span>
</p>

组件组合

组件Props传参

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";
import { UserprofileComponent } from "./userprofile.component";

@Component({
  selector: "app-root",
  imports: [UserprofileComponent],
  template: `
    <app-userprofile
      name="张三"
      [age]="20"
      [favouriteColors]="['green', 'blue', 'red']"
      [isAvailable]="true"
    />
  `,
})
export class AppComponent {}

Alpine

<!--Alpine JS suggests using a server-side templating engine or another frontend framework in conjunction with Alpine to do this-->

<div
  x-data="{
  name: '张三',
  age: 20,
  favouriteColors: ['green', 'blue', 'red'],
  isAvailable: true
}"
>
  <p>我的名字是 <span x-text="张三"></span></p>
  <p>My age is <span x-text="age"></span></p>
  <p>
    My favourite colors are <span x-text="favouriteColors.join(', ')"></span>
  </p>
  <p>I am <span x-text="isAvailable ? 'available' : 'not available'"></span></p>
</div>

向父组件emit事件

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { AnswerButtonComponent } from "./answer-button.component";

@Component({
  selector: "app-root",
  imports: [AnswerButtonComponent],
  template: `
    <p>你快乐吗?</p>

    <app-answer-button (yes)="onAnswerYes()" (no)="onAnswerNo()" />

    <p style="font-size: 50px">{{ isHappy() ? "😀" : "😥" }}</p>
  `,
})
export class AppComponent {
  isHappy = signal(true);

  onAnswerYes() {
    this.isHappy.set(true);
  }

  onAnswerNo() {
    this.isHappy.set(false);
  }
}

Alpine

<div
  x-data="{ isHappy: true }"
  x-on:yes="isHappy = true"
  x-on:no="isHappy = false"
>
  <p>你快乐吗?</p>
  <div>
    <button x-on:click="$dispatch('yes')">是的！</button>
    <button x-on:click="$dispatch('no')">不是！</button>
  </div>
  <p style="font-size: 50px" x-text="isHappy ? '😀' : '😥'"></p>
</div>

slot插槽

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";
import { FunnyButtonComponent } from "./funny-button.component";

@Component({
  selector: "app-root",
  imports: [FunnyButtonComponent],
  template: `<app-funny-button>点我!</app-funny-button>`,
})
export class AppComponent {}

Alpine

<!--Alpine JS suggests using a server-side templating engine or another frontend framework in conjunction with Alpine to do this-->

<button
  x-data
  x-text="'点我!'"
  style="
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 30px;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    margin: 8px;
    transform: scale(0.9);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.65, 0.88, 0.925) 0s;
    outline: 0;
  "
>
  <span>默认slot内容</span>
</button>

slot插槽内容

Angular Renaissance

import { Component } from "@angular/core";
import { FunnyButtonComponent } from "./funny-button.component";

@Component({
  selector: "app-root",
  imports: [FunnyButtonComponent],
  template: `
    <app-funny-button />

    <app-funny-button>这是传到slot的内容!</app-funny-button>
  `,
})
export class AppComponent {}

Alpine

<!--Alpine JS suggests using a server-side templating engine or another frontend framework in conjunction with Alpine to do this-->

<button
  x-data
  style="
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 30px;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    margin: 8px;
    transform: scale(0.9);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.65, 0.88, 0.925) 0s;
    outline: 0;
  "
>
  <span>默认slot内容</span>
</button>

<button
  x-data
  x-text="'这是传到slot的内容!'"
  style="
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 30px;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    margin: 8px;
    transform: scale(0.9);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.65, 0.88, 0.925) 0s;
    outline: 0;
  "
>
  <span>默认slot内容</span>
</button>

上下文

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, inject } from "@angular/core";
import { UserService } from "./user.service";
import { UserProfileComponent } from "./user-profile.component";

@Component({
  imports: [UserProfileComponent],
  providers: [UserService],
  selector: "app-root",
  template: `
    <h1>欢迎回来, {{ userService.user().username }}</h1>
    <app-user-profile />
  `,
})
export class AppComponent {
  protected userService = inject(UserService);
}

Alpine

<!-- x-text 必须用在带有 x-data 的元素或其子元素上。 -->
<!-- 这两个元素可以共用一个带有 x-data 的父元素，也可以像下面这样分别添加 x-data： -->

<h1 x-data>
  欢迎回来, <span x-text="$store.user.username">未知用户</span>
</h1>

<div x-data>
  <h2>我的简介</h2>
  <p>用户名: <span x-text="$store.user.username"></span></p>
  <p>邮箱: <span x-text="$store.user.email"></span></p>
  <button @click="$store.user.updateUsername('李四')">
    更新用户名为 李四
  </button>
</div>

<script>
  document.addEventListener("alpine:init", () => {
    Alpine.store("user", {
      id: 1,
      username: "abcdefg",
      email: "[email protected]",

      updateUsername(newUsername) {
        this.username = newUsername;
      },
    });
  });
</script>

表单输入

输入框

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

@Component({
  imports: [FormsModule],
  selector: "app-input-hello",
  template: `
    <p>{{ text() }}</p>
    <input [(ngModel)]="text" />
  `,
})
export class InputHelloComponent {
  text = signal("");
}

Alpine

<div x-data="{ text: '你好世界' }">
  <p x-text="text"></p>
  <input x-model="text" />
</div>

复选框

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

@Component({
  imports: [FormsModule],
  selector: "app-is-available",
  template: `
    <input id="is-available" type="checkbox" [(ngModel)]="isAvailable" />
    <label for="is-available">这是一个checkbox</label>
  `,
})
export class IsAvailableComponent {
  isAvailable = signal(false);
}

Alpine

<div x-data="{ isAvailable: true }">
  <input id="is-available" x-model="isAvailable" type="checkbox" />
  <label for="is-available">这是一个checkbox</label>
</div>

单选框

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

@Component({
  imports: [FormsModule],
  selector: "app-pick-pill",
  template: `
    <div>你选择了: {{ picked() }}</div>

    <input id="blue-pill" type="radio" value="blue" [(ngModel)]="picked" />
    <label for="blue-pill">蓝色</label>

    <input id="red-pill" type="radio" value="red" [(ngModel)]="picked" />
    <label for="red-pill">红色</label>
  `,
})
export class PickPillComponent {
  picked = signal("red");
}

Alpine

<div x-data="{ picked: 'red' }">
  <div>你选择了: <span x-text="picked"></span></div>

  <input id="blue-pill" x-model="picked" type="radio" value="blue" />
  <label for="blue-pill">蓝色</label>

  <input id="red-pill" x-model="picked" type="radio" value="red" />
  <label for="red-pill">红色</label>
</div>

选择器

Angular Renaissance

import { Component, signal } from "@angular/core";
import { FormsModule } from "@angular/forms";

@Component({
  imports: [FormsModule],
  selector: "app-color-select",
  template: `
    <select [(ngModel)]="selectedColorId">
      @for (let color of colors; track color) {
        <option [value]="color.id" [disabled]="color.isDisabled">
          {{ color.text }}
        </option>
      }
    </select>
  `,
})
export class ColorSelectComponent {
  selectedColorId = signal(2);

  colors = [
    { id: 1, text: "红" },
    { id: 2, text: "蓝" },
    { id: 3, text: "绿" },
    { id: 4, text: "灰", isDisabled: true },
  ];
}

Alpine

<div
  x-data="{
  selectedColorId: 2,
  colors: [
    { id: 1, text: '红' },
    { id: 2, text: '蓝' },
    { id: 3, text: '绿' },
    { id: 4, text: '灰', isDisabled: true }
  ]
}"
>
  <select x-model.number="selectedColorId">
    <template x-for="color in colors" x-bind:key="color.id">
      <option
        x-text="color.text"
        x-bind:value="color.id"
        x-bind:disabled="!!color.isDisabled"
        x-bind:selected="color.id === selectedColorId"
      ></option>
    </template>
  </select>
</div>

Web应用特性

渲染应用

Angular Renaissance

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <body>
    <app-root></app-root>
  </body>
</html>

Alpine

<h1>你好，世界</h1>

fetch获取数据

Angular Renaissance

import { Injectable } from "@angular/core";
import { httpResource } from "@angular/common/http";

@Injectable({ providedIn: "root" })
export class UserService {
  readonly usersResource = httpResource<UserResponse>(
    () => "https://randomuser.me/api/?results=3",
  );
}

export interface UserResponse {
  results: User[];
  info: any;
}

export interface User {
  name: {
    title: string;
    first: string;
    last: string;
  };
  picture: {
    large: string;
    medium: string;
    thumbnail: string;
  };
}

Alpine

<div
  x-data="
		function fetchUsers() {
			return {
				users: null,
				isLoading: false,
				error: null,
				async init() {
					this.isLoading = true;
					try {
						this.users = (await (await fetch('https://randomuser.me/api/?results=3')).json()).results;
					} catch (err) {
						this.users = [];
						this.error = err
					}
					this.isLoading = false;
				},
			};
		}
	"
>
  <template x-if="isLoading">
    <p>正在获取用户信息……</p>
  </template>

  <template x-if="error">
    <p>获取用户信息出错</p>
  </template>
  <template x-if="!error">
    <ul>
      <template x-for="user in users">
        <li>
          <img
            :src="user.picture.thumbnail"
            :alt="`picture of ${user.name.first} ${user.name.last}`"
          />
          <p x-text="`${user.name.first} ${user.name.last}`"></p>
        </li>
      </template>
    </ul>
  </template>
</div>

响应式 #

声明状态 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

更新状态 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

计算属性 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

模板语法 #

最简模板 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

样式 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

DOM循环 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

点击事件 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

DOM引用 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

条件渲染 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

生命周期 #

组件加载时 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

组件卸载时 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

组件组合 #

组件Props传参 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

向父组件emit事件 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

slot插槽 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

slot插槽内容 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

上下文 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

表单输入 #

输入框 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

复选框 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

单选框 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

选择器 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

Web应用特性 #

渲染应用 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

fetch获取数据 #

Angular Renaissance

Alpine

响应式

声明状态

更新状态

计算属性

模板语法

最简模板

样式

DOM循环

点击事件

DOM引用

条件渲染

生命周期

组件加载时

组件卸载时

组件组合

组件Props传参

向父组件emit事件

slot插槽

slot插槽内容

上下文

表单输入

输入框

复选框

单选框

选择器

Web应用特性

渲染应用

fetch获取数据