Alpine vs Marko - JavaScript 框架语法对比

响应式

声明状态

Alpine

<h1 x-data="{ name: '张三' }" x-text="name"></h1>

Marko

<let/name="张三">
<h1>你好 ${name}</h1>

更新状态

Alpine

<h1 x-data="{ name: '张三' }" x-init="name = '李四'" x-text="name"></h1>

Marko

<let/name="张三">
<script>name = "李四"</script>
<h1>你好 ${name}</h1>

计算属性

Alpine

<h1
  x-data="{
  count : 10,
  get doubleCount() { return this.count * 2 }
}"
  x-text="doubleCount"
></h1>

Marko

<let/count=10>
<const/doubleCount=count * 2>
<div>${doubleCount}</div>

模板语法

最简模板

Alpine

<h1>你好，世界</h1>

Marko

<h1>你好，世界</h1>

样式

Alpine

<h1 class="title">我是红色的</h1>
<button style="font-size: 10rem">我是一个按钮</button>

<style>
  .title {
    color: red;
  }
</style>

Marko

<h1.title>我是红色的</h1>
<button style={ "font-size": "10rem" }>我是一个按钮</button>
<button class=scopedButton>我是一个样式作用域按钮</button>

<style>
  .title {
    color: red;
  }
</style>
<style/{ scopedButton }>
  .scopedButton {
    font-size: 10rem;
  }
</style>

DOM循环

Alpine

<ul x-data="{ colors: ['红', '绿', '蓝'] }">
  <template x-for="color in colors">
    <li x-text="color"></li>
  </template>
</ul>

Marko

<ul>
  <for|color| of=["红", "绿", "蓝"]>
    <li>${color}</li>
  </for>
</ul>

点击事件

Alpine

<div x-data="{ count: 0 }">
  <p>计数器: <span x-text="count"></span></p>
  <button x-on:click="count++">+1</button>
</div>

Marko

<let/count=0>
<p>计数器: ${count}</p>
<button onClick() { count++ }>+1</button>

DOM引用

Alpine

<input x-init="$el.focus();" />

Marko

<input/inputElement>
<script>
  inputElement().focus();
</script>

条件渲染

Alpine

<div
  x-data="{
  TRAFFIC_LIGHTS: ['红灯', '黄灯', '绿灯'],
  lightIndex: 0,
  get light() { return this.TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[this.lightIndex] },
  nextLight() {
    this.lightIndex = (this.lightIndex + 1) % this.TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length;
  }
}"
>
  <button x-on:click="nextLight">下一个灯</button>
  <p>现在亮着的是: <span x-text="light"></span></p>
  <p>
    你应该
    <span x-show="light === '红灯'">停下</span>
    <span x-show="light === '黄灯'">慢行</span>
    <span x-show="light === '绿灯'">赶紧走</span>
  </p>
</div>

Marko

static const TRAFFIC_LIGHTS = ["红灯", "黄灯", "绿灯"];
<let/lightIndex=0>
<const/light=TRAFFIC_LIGHTS[lightIndex]>

<button onClick() { lightIndex = (lightIndex + 1) % TRAFFIC_LIGHTS.length }>
  下一个灯
</button>
<p>现在亮着的是: ${light}</p>
<p>
  你应该
  <if=light === "红灯">停下</if>
  <else if=light === "黄灯">慢行</else>
  <else>赶紧走</else>
</p>

生命周期

组件加载时

Alpine

<p
  x-data="{ pageTitle: '' }"
  x-init="$nextTick(() => { pageTitle = document.title })"
>
  页面标题: <span x-text="pageTitle"></span>
</p>

Marko

<let/pageTitle="">
<script>pageTitle = document.title</script>
<p>页面标题: ${pageTitle}</p>

组件卸载时

Alpine

<p
  x-data="{
  time: new Date().toLocaleTimeString(),
  timer: null,
  init() { this.timer = setInterval(() => (this.time = new Date().toLocaleTimeString()), 1000) },
  destroy() { clearInterval(this.timer) }
}"
>
  当前时间: <span x-text="time"></span>
</p>

Marko

<let/time=new Date()>
<script>
  const id = setInterval(() => time = new Date(), 1000);
  $signal.onabort = () => clearInterval(id)
</script>
<p>当前时间: ${time.toLocaleTimeString()}</p>

组件组合

组件Props传参

Alpine

<!--Alpine JS suggests using a server-side templating engine or another frontend framework in conjunction with Alpine to do this-->

<div
  x-data="{
  name: '张三',
  age: 20,
  favouriteColors: ['green', 'blue', 'red'],
  isAvailable: true
}"
>
  <p>我的名字是 <span x-text="张三"></span></p>
  <p>My age is <span x-text="age"></span></p>
  <p>
    My favourite colors are <span x-text="favouriteColors.join(', ')"></span>
  </p>
  <p>I am <span x-text="isAvailable ? 'available' : 'not available'"></span></p>
</div>

Marko

<UserProfile
  name="张三"
  age=20
  favouriteColors=["green", "blue", "red"]
  isAvailable
/>

向父组件emit事件

Alpine

<div
  x-data="{ isHappy: true }"
  x-on:yes="isHappy = true"
  x-on:no="isHappy = false"
>
  <p>你快乐吗?</p>
  <div>
    <button x-on:click="$dispatch('yes')">是的！</button>
    <button x-on:click="$dispatch('no')">不是！</button>
  </div>
  <p style="font-size: 50px" x-text="isHappy ? '😀' : '😥'"></p>
</div>

Marko

<let/isHappy=true>
<p>你快乐吗?</p>
<AnswerButton
  onYes() { isHappy = true }
  onNo() { isHappy = false }
/>
<p style={ "font-size": 50 }>${isHappy ? "😀" : "😥"}</p>

slot插槽

Alpine

<!--Alpine JS suggests using a server-side templating engine or another frontend framework in conjunction with Alpine to do this-->

<button
  x-data
  x-text="'点我!'"
  style="
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 30px;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    margin: 8px;
    transform: scale(0.9);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.65, 0.88, 0.925) 0s;
    outline: 0;
  "
>
  <span>默认slot内容</span>
</button>

Marko

<FunnyButton>点我!</FunnyButton>

slot插槽内容

Alpine

<!--Alpine JS suggests using a server-side templating engine or another frontend framework in conjunction with Alpine to do this-->

<button
  x-data
  style="
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 30px;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    margin: 8px;
    transform: scale(0.9);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.65, 0.88, 0.925) 0s;
    outline: 0;
  "
>
  <span>默认slot内容</span>
</button>

<button
  x-data
  x-text="'这是传到slot的内容!'"
  style="
    background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    color: #fff;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    font-size: 30px;
    border: 2px solid #fff;
    margin: 8px;
    transform: scale(0.9);
    box-shadow: 4px 4px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);
    transition: transform 0.2s cubic-bezier(0.34, 1.65, 0.88, 0.925) 0s;
    outline: 0;
  "
>
  <span>默认slot内容</span>
</button>

Marko

<FunnyButton/>
<FunnyButton>这是传到slot的内容!</FunnyButton>

上下文

Alpine

<!-- x-text 必须用在带有 x-data 的元素或其子元素上。 -->
<!-- 这两个元素可以共用一个带有 x-data 的父元素，也可以像下面这样分别添加 x-data： -->

<h1 x-data>
  欢迎回来, <span x-text="$store.user.username">未知用户</span>
</h1>

<div x-data>
  <h2>我的简介</h2>
  <p>用户名: <span x-text="$store.user.username"></span></p>
  <p>邮箱: <span x-text="$store.user.email"></span></p>
  <button @click="$store.user.updateUsername('李四')">
    更新用户名为 李四
  </button>
</div>

<script>
  document.addEventListener("alpine:init", () => {
    Alpine.store("user", {
      id: 1,
      username: "abcdefg",
      email: "[email protected]",

      updateUsername(newUsername) {
        this.username = newUsername;
      },
    });
  });
</script>

Marko

<let/user={
  id: 1,
  username: "abcdefg",
  email: "[email protected]",
}>
<const/updateUsername(newUsername) {
  user = { ...user, username: newUsername };
}>

<h1>欢迎回来, ${user.username}</h1>
<context={ ...user, updateUsername }>
  <UserProfile />
</context>

表单输入

输入框

Alpine

<div x-data="{ text: '你好世界' }">
  <p x-text="text"></p>
  <input x-model="text" />
</div>

Marko

<let/text="你好世界">
<p>${text}</p>
<input value:=text>

复选框

Alpine

<div x-data="{ isAvailable: true }">
  <input id="is-available" x-model="isAvailable" type="checkbox" />
  <label for="is-available">这是一个checkbox</label>
</div>

Marko

<input#is-available
  type="checkbox"
  checked:=input.isAvailable
>
<label for="is-available">这是一个checkbox</label>

单选框

Alpine

<div x-data="{ picked: 'red' }">
  <div>你选择了: <span x-text="picked"></span></div>

  <input id="blue-pill" x-model="picked" type="radio" value="blue" />
  <label for="blue-pill">蓝色</label>

  <input id="red-pill" x-model="picked" type="radio" value="red" />
  <label for="red-pill">红色</label>
</div>

Marko

<let/picked="red">

<div>你选择了: ${picked}</div>
<input#blue-pill
  type="radio"
  value="blue"
  checkedValue:=picked
>
<label for="blue-pill">蓝色</label>

<input#red-pill
  type="radio"
  value="red"
  checkedValue:=picked
>
<label for="red-pill">红色</label>

选择器

Alpine

<div
  x-data="{
  selectedColorId: 2,
  colors: [
    { id: 1, text: '红' },
    { id: 2, text: '蓝' },
    { id: 3, text: '绿' },
    { id: 4, text: '灰', isDisabled: true }
  ]
}"
>
  <select x-model.number="selectedColorId">
    <template x-for="color in colors" x-bind:key="color.id">
      <option
        x-text="color.text"
        x-bind:value="color.id"
        x-bind:disabled="!!color.isDisabled"
        x-bind:selected="color.id === selectedColorId"
      ></option>
    </template>
  </select>
</div>

Marko

static const colors = [
  { id: 1, text: "红" },
  { id: 2, text: "蓝" },
  { id: 3, text: "绿" },
  { id: 4, text: "灰", isDisabled: true },
];
<let/selectedColorId=2>

<select value:=selectedColorId>
  <for|{ id, isDisabled, text }| of=colors>
    <option value=id disabled=isDisabled>
      ${text}
    </option>
  </for>
</select>

Web应用特性

渲染应用

Alpine

<h1>你好，世界</h1>

Marko

<!doctype html>
<html>
  <body>
    <div id="app"></div>
    <script type="module" src="./app.js"></script>
  </body>
</html>

fetch获取数据

Alpine

<div
  x-data="
		function fetchUsers() {
			return {
				users: null,
				isLoading: false,
				error: null,
				async init() {
					this.isLoading = true;
					try {
						this.users = (await (await fetch('https://randomuser.me/api/?results=3')).json()).results;
					} catch (err) {
						this.users = [];
						this.error = err
					}
					this.isLoading = false;
				},
			};
		}
	"
>
  <template x-if="isLoading">
    <p>正在获取用户信息……</p>
  </template>

  <template x-if="error">
    <p>获取用户信息出错</p>
  </template>
  <template x-if="!error">
    <ul>
      <template x-for="user in users">
        <li>
          <img
            :src="user.picture.thumbnail"
            :alt="`picture of ${user.name.first} ${user.name.last}`"
          />
          <p x-text="`${user.name.first} ${user.name.last}`"></p>
        </li>
      </template>
    </ul>
  </template>
</div>

Marko

<try>
  <await|{ results: users }|=fetch("https://randomuser.me/api/?results=3").then(res => res.json())>
    <ul>
      <for|{ picture, name }| of=users>
        <li>
          <img src=picture.thumbnail alt="user">
          <p>${name.first} ${name.last}</p>
        </li>
      </for>
    </ul>
  </await>
  <@placeholder>
    <p>正在获取用户信息……</p>
  </@placeholder>
  <@catch|error|>
    <p>获取用户信息出错</p>
  </@catch>
</try>

响应式 #

声明状态 #

Alpine

Marko

更新状态 #

Alpine

Marko

计算属性 #

Alpine

Marko

模板语法 #

最简模板 #

Alpine

Marko

样式 #

Alpine

Marko

DOM循环 #

Alpine

Marko

点击事件 #

Alpine

Marko

DOM引用 #

Alpine

Marko

条件渲染 #

Alpine

Marko

生命周期 #

组件加载时 #

Alpine

Marko

组件卸载时 #

Alpine

Marko

组件组合 #

组件Props传参 #

Alpine

Marko

向父组件emit事件 #

Alpine

Marko

slot插槽 #

Alpine

Marko

slot插槽内容 #

Alpine

Marko

上下文 #

Alpine

Marko

表单输入 #

输入框 #

Alpine

Marko

复选框 #

Alpine

Marko

单选框 #

Alpine

Marko

选择器 #

Alpine

Marko

Web应用特性 #

渲染应用 #

Alpine

Marko

fetch获取数据 #

Alpine

Marko

响应式

声明状态

更新状态

计算属性

模板语法

最简模板

样式

DOM循环

点击事件

DOM引用

条件渲染

生命周期

组件加载时

组件卸载时

组件组合

组件Props传参

向父组件emit事件

slot插槽

slot插槽内容

上下文

表单输入

输入框

复选框

单选框

选择器

Web应用特性

渲染应用

fetch获取数据